CBSE Computer Applications Class X

Unit 1: Networking (15) 

• Internet protocols: TCP/IP, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, HTTPS. Remote login and file 
transfer protocols: SSH, SFTP, FTP, SCP, TELNET, SMTP, TCP/IP.


2: Internet protocols

TCP/IP : The Internet Protocol (IP) gives address to the computer. Each computer that
is on the Internet has an IP address. This is the unique identification that distinguishes
one computer from another. The IP delivers the packets that are received from one
computer to another. It is not responsible for the order of packets. Arranging the
packets in order is the job of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
Example of IP address : 66.220.144.0-66.220.149.266

ISP : An Internet Service Provider (ISP) also known as internet access provider is an
organization that provides the internet access to the users. Most of the service
providers are telephone companies like Reliance, MTNL, BSNL, Airtel.

SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the most common protocol used for
sending e-mails between two or more servers.

POP3 : POP3 is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you
by your Internet server. Periodically, you (or your client e-mail receiver) check your
mail-box on the server and download any mail, probably using POP3.

HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) determines how different programs
exchange data over the Internet. Every actions web servers and browsers should take
in response to various commands. Hyper Text is a system in which different types of
documents/files such as images, sound effects and text are linked to each other. These
documents can easily be accessed using a Web browser.

HTTPS: Stands for "Hyper Text Transport Protocol Secure." HTTPS is the
same thing as HTTP, but uses a secure socket layer (SSL) for security
purposes. Some examples of sites that use HTTPS include banking and
investment websites, e-commerce websites, and most websites that require
you to log in.

SSH: Secure Shell ( SSH ) is a cryptographic protocol and interface for executing
network services, shell services and secure network communication with a remote
computer. Secure Shell enables two remotely connected users to perform network
communication and other services on top of an unsecured network.

SFTP: Short for Secure File Transfer Protocol or SSH File Transfer Protocol, SFTP is
a version of FTP that encrypts data transfers helping keep our passwords secure and
our session private. Because SFTP is a different protocol than FTP, for we to establish
an SFTP connection, we must be connecting to a computer that supports SFTP. Using
SFTP to connect to an FTP server will not work.

FTP : File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard Internet Protocol which is used to
exchange files between two or more computers on the Internet.

SCP: Secure copy (SCP) is a file transfer protocol, which helps in transferring
computer files securely from a local host to a remote host. It works on the Secure Shell
(SSH) protocol technique. The term secure copy refers to either the SCP protocol or
the SCP program.

TELNET: Telnet is an Internet service provided to establish a connection between
different computers, which may be geographically apart. This allows an Internet user
to login at some remote computer and then work on it.

SMTP: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) controls the transfer of e-mail
messages on the Internet. SMTP defines the interaction between Internet hosts that
participate in forwarding e-mail from a sender to its destination.